What can you do with the savings if you no longer need it? Or if one child's education costs more than the other? Here are a few stories.
DETROIT (Reuters)
Melissa Byers and Rich Rauh began stashing away money in 529 college savings accounts for their sons not long after they were born.
When their older son graduated from the University of California, San Diego, a public university, he still had money available in his account. But their younger son, who elected to go to Chapman University, a private and much costlier school, needed more than what was in his 529.
So the couple, who live in Lake Forest, California, took advantage of the flexibility they initially admired in 529 plans: They simply changed the beneficiary on the account from one son to another—without facing any taxes or penalties.
"You can’t give it to your next-door neighbor, but it is tremendously flexible for your immediate family," said Young Boozer, the Alabama state treasurer and chairman of the College Savings Plan Network, a clearinghouse for information among state-administered college savings programs.
Money socked away in a 529 plan grows tax-free if the proceeds are used for to pay for college and other educational pursuits.
A lesser-known feature is that the owner of a 529 plan can change the beneficiary once a year, as long as the new designee is a family member.
Money in a 529 plan, which is authorized under the U.S. Internal Revenue Service Code, can be used not just to pay for tuition, but also for room and board, mandatory fees and even books and computers if they are required.
Some states allow tax deductions for investments in a state-sponsored 529 plan. State agencies and educational institutions also are sponsors of 529 plans.
The owner of a plan does not have to be a parent of the beneficiary, and money accumulated in a 529 can be transferred not just to other children of the owner, but to other family members—siblings, parents, spouses, aunts and uncles, nieces and nephews, even cousins.
But if the owner of the account is a godparent or someone else who is not related, the new beneficiary must be related to the previous beneficiary.
Making Yourself the Beneficiary
It is unclear how frequently 529 plans change beneficiaries. But Loreen Gilbert, president and founder of Irvine, California-based WealthWise Financial Services, says she frequently discusses the ease of transfer with her wealth management clients.
"There is a lot of interest, especially from the grandparents," Gilbert said. "Many want to give their grandchild the $14,000 they can give without gift taxes, and the 529 is a beautiful way to do that."
Choosing among the more than 100 plans available can be daunting, though. In fact, while 529 plans have existed for 20 years, just 2.5 percent of all families owned one in 2015, down from 3.1 percent in 2007. The average balance in the country’s 12.3 million accounts is just $21,000, according to the Federal Reserve.
Boozer and Gilbert both recommend considering the 529 plan offered by your home state as a first step because some states offer tax benefits to residents. For example, Colorado allows plan owners to deduct the full amount of their contributions from state income tax. Some states, such as Michigan and Alabama, limit the tax deduction, and still others, such as California, offer no tax benefits.
There are different ways to evaluate 529 plans. Performance of the plan should be a key consideration. Ditto for the tax benefits and cost, Gilbert said. "Then we look at the fact that some states offer bankruptcy protection because that’s just another level of security,” she added.
Of course, planning for a child’s education can feel like making a blind bet on the future. What happens if nobody in your family needs the money in a 529 plan?
If that's the case, you can declare yourself as the beneficiary of the account you own and use the money to take college or vocational courses.
"There are even cruises you can take," Gilbert said. "As long it’s through an accredited institution, you have lots of ways to legally use the money."
As for Byers, she is just happy that both sons are almost finished with school.
Her younger son, Brian, is preparing for his senior year, something he put off for five years because he was drafted to play minor league baseball with the Washington National’s organization. (Older brother Jeff also played minor league, for the St. Louis Cardinals system.)
But once he is done, Brian will have a bill come due—from his parents—just like his big brother.
"Our philosophy was that we were going to front the money for college, but they were going to pay half of it back," said Byers, who is a veterinarian.
What will she do with the repayment income?
"Save for our retirement," Byers said.
(Editing by Lauren Young and Leslie Adler)
